Includes a title page in Arabic

Thesis (Ph.D.) Doctoral Egypt - Japan University of Science and Technology (E - JUST) - School of Energy Resources , Environment , Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering (EECE) - Energy Resources Engineering Department 2024

Includes bibliographical references

Due to their numerous advantages , diesel engines remain the primary energy source for heavy machinery Diesel engines fueled by liquid fuels will continue to dominate the transportation and heavy machinery application market despite the advancement of other technologies Therefore , issues such as surging global energy demand , declining fuel reserves , and emissions must be addressed Oxygenated fuels are not only alternative fuel sources but could also reduce the amount of soot emitted by diesel engines Studies have yet to investigate the combined influence of carbon chain length , oxyfuel type , oxygen content , and blending ratio of esters , ethers , and alcohols as additives in diesel fuel In the present experimental study , the effect of these fuel parameters on diesel engine performance , combustion , emission , soot nanostructure , and fuel spray characteristics has been investigated Fuels are carefully selected and blended with pure diesel to enable the investigation of various fuel parameters Experiments were carried out on numerous fuel blends using a 4-stroke , single-cylinder , direct injection combustion ignition (CI) engine at a constant speed and varying loads Fuel spray experiments were carried out using a rapid compression-expansion machine (RCEM) The experimental study was divided into three main sections In the first phase of this research , four-carbon alcohol (n-butanol) and ester (ethyl ethanoate) were separately blended with pure diesel (D100) at three blending ratios For each fuel type , two blends were prepared to contain an approximate oxygen mass content of 2.2% and 4.1%, and then a third blend containing a 15% additive volume ratio was also formulated All tested blends had minimal effect on in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR) At low loads , up to 20.9% rise in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was recorded , but EE15 (15% ethyl ethanoate, 85% diesel) achieved 15.35% lower BSFC at 60% load NOx emissions were reduced for all blends , with n-butanol blends achieving 30.6% less NOx emissions compared to D100 However , CO emissions increased by up to 37.6% for n-butanol and 32.9% for ethyl ethanoate Considering engine stability , all blends were found to have a stable engine operation Between the oxyfuel types , EE10.65 (10.65 ethyl ethanoate , 89.35% diesel) has slightly superior emissions characteristics at an equal fuel mass flow rate Both fuel additives are suitable for CI engines at low blending ratios

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(EECE) School of Energy Resources, Environmental, Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering (NA) Not Applicable